Torn nails in cats

Torn nails in cats are far less prevalent when compared to dogs. Nevertheless, they can cause considerable pain, depending on the extent of the injury. Torn nails typically occur when they become snagged on objects, whether indoors or outdoors, or when landing after a jump.

Treating torn, broken, or damaged nails is typically straightforward. While some may fall off on their own, others need veterinary assistance. Torn nails are rarely life-threatening. They tend to heal fairly quickly and don’t leave any lasting damage. Making sure the nails are at appropriate lengths is the main method of prevention. Nail trimming is usually only needed for indoor cats and those who are less active, such as the ill or elderly.

Overview

What are torn nails in cats?

Cats typically have 5 nails on their front feet and 4 on their back. The dew claw, an additional toe on the front foot, is positioned inwardly, slightly elevated compared to the other nails. Some cats can have extra dew claws on their front and back feet. The dew claw is particularly susceptible to damage as it doesn’t naturally wear down during walking.

Cat nails are structured with an outer keratin layer and an inner portion known as the quick. The quick contains the blood vessels and nerves. An injury to this area results in bleeding and discomfort.

Broken nails typically occur when they snag on objects like carpet or weeds and are forcibly pulled. Additionally, jumping from elevated surfaces and landing on their toes can also lead to broken nails.
Clipping nails too short is another cause, though it is less common. This type of injury usually resolves quickly with applied pressure.
Torn nails may heal on their own, depending on the level of damage.

Torn nails can be very painful. Some may fall off on their own, but others need veterinary attention, depending on the level of damage. It’s best to speak to a vet if you notice your cat has a torn nail. Our Joii vets are accessible 24 hours a day; call us now if you have any questions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of torn nails in cats

Apart from seeing a cracked or loose nail, common signs include:

Limping
Holding up the paw
Vocalisation from discomfort: crying
Bleeding from the nail, stains on the floor
Licking at the paw or nail
Swelling around the nailbed

Risk

Are some cats more at risk of torn nails than others?

Older cats can have more brittle nails, making them more susceptible to breaking
Longer nails are more at risk of damage (less active cats)

Diagnosis

How are torn nails in cats diagnosed?

Your vet will typically diagnose a torn nail via an examination. Further diagnostics are usually unnecessary, except in cases where multiple damaged nails suggest an underlying medical issue.

The following may be needed:

Biopsy of the nailbed
Skin scrapes
Blood and urine tests
X-rays

Vet treatment

What’s the treatment for torn nails in cats?

Treatment may involve:

Cleaning the area thoroughly and stopping any bleeding
Removal of the damaged nail, often under sedation, depending on the level of damage and pain
Bandaging
Pain relief
Antibiotics

Home treatment

How to look after a cat with torn nails at home

If you notice that your cat has a torn nail:

If it’s safe to do so, apply firm pressure to any bleeding, but be cautious, as even the friendliest cats may react defensively when in pain. Cornstarch or flour can be used to help stem the bleeding.
If your cat allows, ensure the area is clean and dry. Soak with a saline solution (1 tsp salt/500ml cooled boiled water) to cleanse if the area is dirty, checking for any debris stuck in the nail or paw.
If the nail has completely detached and the bleeding stops within 5 minutes, then it’s possible to treat it at home. Unless your cat shows signs of pain, such as limping or licking at the area excessively.
If the broken nail remains attached after 24-48 hours, veterinary attention is necessary.
Monitor carefully for signs of infection: swelling, discharge and pain.
Prevent licking at the area by using a buster collar. Rest until the wound has started to heal, usually within a few days.

Prevention

Tips on how to prevent torn nails in cats

Check your cat’s nails regularly, at least 1-2 times a week, to ensure they are not becoming too long, especially the dew claw.
Nail trimming is usually only necessary for indoor, less active or older cats. Your vet can show you how to safely trim the nails at home, or you can make routine appointments with them to do this.
Keep your cat active and feed them a balanced diet.

When to worry