Torn nails in dogs

Torn nails are a common problem for dogs of all ages. They can be extremely painful, depending on the level of damage. Torn nails usually result from getting caught on something, both indoors and outdoors, or from jumping and landing on the toe.

Torn, broken or damaged nails are usually easy to treat. Some may fall off on their own, while others may need to be removed by a vet. Torn nails are rarely life-threatening, as the bleeding usually stops on its own. They tend to heal fairly quickly and don’t leave any long-lasting damage. Prevention usually involves making sure the nails are not too long. Nail trimming is usually only needed for dogs who are less active, such as the ill or elderly.

Overview

What are torn nails in dogs?

Dogs usually have 5 nails on their front feet and 4 or 5 on their back. The dew claw is the extra toe located on the inside, slightly higher than the other nails. This is more prone to damage as it doesn’t wear down naturally when dogs are walking.

The nails of dogs consist of an outer keratin layer and an inner part called the quick. The quick contains the blood vessels and nerves, which is why it bleeds and is painful if this part is damaged.

Broken nails usually happen if they are caught on something, such as carpet or weeds, and pulled. They can also happen if your dog jumps from a height and lands on its toe.
Another cause of broken nails is clipping them too short. These are much more minor and tend to resolve quickly by applying pressure to the area.
Torn nails may heal on their own, depending on the level of damage.

Torn nails can be very painful. Some may fall off on their own, but others need veterinary care, depending on the level of damage. It’s best to speak to a vet if you notice your dog has a torn nail. Our Joii vets are available 24 hours a day; call us now for advice.

Symptoms

Symptoms of torn nails in dogs

Other than seeing a cracked or loose nail, the most common signs include:

Limping
Holding up the paw
Vocalisation from discomfort: whining or crying
Bleeding from the nail, stains on the floor
Licking at the paw or nail
Swelling around the nailbed

Risk

Are some dogs more at risk of torn nails than others?

Older dogs can have more brittle nails, making them more susceptible to breaking
Longer nails are more at risk of damage (less active dogs)

Diagnosis

How are torn nails in dogs diagnosed?

Your vet will usually diagnose a torn nail from the clinical exam. Further diagnostics are not usually required. The exception may be if there are several damaged nails and your vet suspects an underlying medical problem.

The following may be needed:

Biopsy of the nailbed
Blood and urine tests
X-rays

Vet treatment

What’s the treatment for torn nails in dogs?

Treatment may involve:

Cleaning the area thoroughly and stopping any bleeding
Removal of the damaged nail, often under sedation, depending on the level of damage and pain
Bandaging
Pain relief
Antibiotics

Home treatment

How to look after a dog with torn nails at home

If you notice that your dog has a torn nail:

If it is safe to do so, apply firm pressure to any bleeding. Be careful; even the friendliest dogs can bite or scratch when in pain. You can use cornstarch or flour to help stop the bleeding.
If your dog allows it, make sure the area is clean and dry. Use saline (1 tsp salt/500ml cooled boiled water) to clean if dirty and check there is nothing stuck in the nail or paw.
If the nail has come off completely and the bleeding stops within 5 minutes, then it’s possible to treat it at home. Unless your dog shows signs of pain, such as limping or licking at the area excessively.
If the broken nail is still attached and doesn’t fall off itself within 24-48 hours, you will need to see your vet.
Monitor carefully for signs of infection: swelling, discharge and pain.
Prevent your dog from licking at the area by using a buster collar. Rest until the wound has started to heal over, usually within a few days.

Prevention

Tips on how to prevent torn nails in dogs

Check your dog’s nails regularly, at least 1-2 times a week, to ensure they are not becoming too long, especially the dew claw.
Nail trimming is usually only necessary for less active or older dogs. Your vet can show you how to safely trim the nails at home, or you can make routine appointments with them to do this.
Keep your dog active and use a balanced diet

When to worry