Middle and inner ear infections in dogs

Middle and inner ear infections in dogs are not common. They are usually the result of the spread of infection from the outer ear. Most cases resolve with medication if treated promptly. However, if the nerves in the inner ear are affected, dogs may be left with permanent damage.

Otitis means inflammation of the ear, usually associated with infection. Ear infections are defined by the part of the ear they affect. These are externa (outer ear), media (middle ear), and interna (inner ear). In this article, we discuss otitis media and interna. Middle and inner ear infections in dogs can be very painful. We recommend speaking to a vet as soon as possible if your dog shows any signs of these infections

Overview

What are middle and inner ear infections in dogs?

The middle ear is the part of the ear that is behind the eardrum. It connects the ear canal to the inner ear and contains organs that are important for hearing. The inner ear is important for balance and it also has nerves that connect to the brain.

Middle ear and inner infections in dogs are not common:

Usually caused by spread of infection from the outer ear (otitis externa). Less commonly from a benign polyp in the middle ear.
Spread is usually due to damage to the eardrum, which allows infection to pass through from the outer ear.
Most often a bacterial or fungal infection. These infections are caused by underlying allergies, foreign bodies (such as grass seeds), or ear mites.
When treated quickly, most cases resolve within 6-8 weeks.
If not treated appropriately, it can lead to recurrent outer ear infections.
If the inner ear nerves are affected, permanent damage, such as deafness or facial changes, can occur.
Any age or breed of dog can develop a middle or inner ear infection but they are more common in dogs with chronic outer ear infections.
Ruptured ear drums are common with middle and inner ear infections but usually heal within 2-3 weeks.

Middle and inner ear infections in dogs can be very painful but usually respond well if treated quickly. Speak to one of our Joii vets as soon as possible if your dog has any ear problems.

Symptoms

Symptoms of middle and inner ear infections in dogs

Some dogs with very mild infections may not show any signs. Symptoms include those that are seen with outer ear infections but can be more severe.

Common initial signs can affect just one ear or both and include:

Head shaking, pawing or scratching their ears
A brown, red, yellow or black discharge in the ears
Red, smelly, painful ear
Pain when eating or opening their mouth
Drooling from side of mouth
Vomiting

If it progresses to the nerves in the inner ear, signs include:

Head-tilt
Loss of balance, walking in circles and incoordination
Deafness
Changes to the eyes: eyes flickering (nystagmus) or pupils with different sizes
Horner syndrome and dry eye can result from middle or inner ear infections.

Risk

Are some dogs more at risk of middle and inner ear infections than others?

Any dog, regardless of age or breed, can develop a middle or inner ear infection. But dogs with chronic outer ear infections are most at risk. This includes:

Breeds: Basset Hound, Shar-Pei, Labradoodle, Beagle, Golden Retriever, Cockapoo, Spaniels, Bulldogs, Bichon Frise, and Pug. Due to a combination of factors. Including ear shape, hairy ears, skin diseases and allergies. Dogs with droopy ears are more prone than those with erect ears.
Regular exposure to moisture: includes dogs that swim or hunt. It also includes ear cleaning and bathing more often than advised.
Dogs that have ear tumours or foreign bodies in the ear are more likely to develop infections.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are known to be more susceptible to primary otitis media.

Diagnosis

How are middle and inner ear infections diagnosed in dogs?

Middle and inner ear infections can be difficult to diagnose. Especially if the eardrum is still intact. A physical exam with a special scope is an important first step.

Other tests include:

Swabbing any discharge in the ear canal to determine what type of infection is present
A special procedure called myringotomy. Obtains sterile fluid from the middle ear.
Blood and urine tests
Imaging: x-rays, CT or MRI

Vet treatment

What’s the treatment for middle and inner ear infections in dogs?

Antibiotics or anti-fungal medications are needed for middle and inner ear infections for at least 3-6 weeks. These are usually oral or by injection. Hospitalisation is sometimes needed for severe cases of otitis interna, if they can’t eat or drink.

Other treatments include:

Flushing the middle ear if the ear drum is damaged
Anti-inflammatory medication
Anti-nausea medication
Pain relief
Surgery: in cases with middle ear fluid build-up, bone infections, and if any growths are present

Home treatment

How to help your dog with a middle or inner ear infection at home

Middle and inner ear infections cannot be treated with home remedies. You can help your dog recover by:

Using the medication as advised by your vet. Don’t skip doses. If you are struggling to give any medication, let your vet know right away. An alternative may be an option.
Frequent rechecks with your vet are essential to make sure the infection is resolving.
Checking your dog’s ears regularly; if the symptoms are getting worse, speak to a vet as soon as possible.
If your dog has a loss of balance: hand-feeding and rest to avoid injury
A buster or inflatable collar helps to prevent self-trauma to the skin around the ears.
Feeding your dog a diet specifically made for dogs with ear problems or allergies. Hills Prescription Diet Derm Complete can help reduce allergy symptoms. It works for food and environmental allergies.

Prevention

Tips on how to prevent middle and inner ear infections in dogs

Speak to a vet as soon as ear problems begin. Ear disease is easier to treat in the beginning. Before the ear becomes thickened or develops resistant infections.
Make sure your dog is up-to-date on parasite preventatives for fleas and mites.
Reduce moisture: keep ears as dry as possible at all times. Dry thoroughly after bathing or swimming.
Keep the hair around the entrance to the ear as short as possible to allow good ventilation.